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The inventor of paper

Cai Lun is ancient China's greatest inventor, the inventor of Papermaking. Before paper was invented, ancient people had tried all means to record the words by using stones, bricks, leaves, bark, wax plates, copper, lead, linen and animal skins, etc. When in Shang dynasty in China, people record words onto shells of turtle and bones of sheep, cow and pig, etc. Subsequently, People used the one inch of chip (also known as Du) and bamboo (also known as SR) to write an essay. After that, also used silk cloth as paper to write. Eastern Han period, as the economic and cultural development, bamboo slips and the silk cloth were increasingly unable to meet the needs of writing. In order to create an ideal writing material, Cai Lun successfully created a new kind of light, economic paper and summed up a set of improved paper making method by using the bark, Ma Tau, rag, net waste as raw material on the basis of making paper with silk and cotton waste by the former. This also improves the paper making technology greatly. In the year of AD 105, Cai Lun dedicated the paper to the court, and was praised by the emperor. From then on, people began to use this kind of paper, and in the whole country, the paper was called "Cai Paper." In the year of AD 121, the fortunes of the Eastern Han Dynasty internal power struggles involved Cai Lun, Liu Gu, the Han'an Emperor, ordered him to surrender. Cai Lun ashamed to stand trial, bathe his body and replaced the most beautiful clothes, then took poison to commit suicide. Year eight century, China had been widely using paper, after a few centuries, China exported paper to the various parts of Asia and carefully keep the paper making secret. Year 751, the Tang Empire and the Arab had conflict, the Arabs captured several Chinese Paper craftsmen. However, not long after, the paper industry was rised in Samarkand and Baghdad. Thus, papermaking technology gradually spread throughout the Arab world, where paper was widely used, then was spred by the Arab countries to North America and Europe. According to historical records, 1000 years after Cai Lun invented paper, Europe started to establish the first paper mill. Although modern papermaking industry is considerably developed, the basic principle is still very similar to that of Cai Lun. About 70/80 percent of raw material had been replaced by wood pulp, but the main material of senior printing paper, cigarette paper, waxed paper still used the rag, bark, Ma Tau, fishing nets and other waste materials, which were used by Cai Lun. The effect of Cai Lun is enormous to China and even the development of human, and this impact will continue. Today, we are unable to assess the function of paper towards the historical development by quantity. It’s unpredictable to forecast that to which year paper will be extended. Therefore, Cai Lun (there is another inventor named Bi Sheng, who is one of the four great inventors) ought to be in first position or at least close to it of the list that has the most giant impact towards China and the historical process.

Paper invention

Western Han Dynasty, politic was stable and the ideological culture was very active, which led to strong demand of dissemination tools. Under the circumstances, paper emerged as a new writing material. The book "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" was finished in AD 100 year by Xu Shen. XuShen thought that paper is the sheet staying in bed sheet when the silk flocculation in the water. This sheet may be the most primitive "paper", it was such a "paper" called "He toed." This paper may be a prelude to the invention of this "paper" records, can be traced back to the Western Han Dynasty million extension of the first year (12 year BC). "Zhao Han • Queen's Biography" documented that the wife of Cheng Emperor had a son and was persecuted by Zhao Feiyan-Queen's sister. The poison that they gave CAO was noted on the paper parcel: "Notice-energy, drug efforts drink! no longer means, Yu knew!"

Since ancient times, our ancestors have already known how to raise silkworms and reeling. Qin occasion of the use of sub Floss Silk Cocoon for the handicraft industry is very popular, Han has not started before the "Beggars Biaomu" Biaomu, is probably the only source of livelihood. This is the time cocoon bleaching method, known as flocculation, the operation of the basic elements include repeated Knocking to smash Silkworm clothing. This technology was later developed into the beating papermaking. In addition, with the help of bambooware, drain silk thread is an important step, it is Pulp Paper prototype. Limewater or the ash water were commonly used in ancient China to unglue silk and falx. This technology inspired papermaking plant fiber for degumming to enlightenment. Paper is to make use of these technologies to develop. From the date of the archaeological discoveries, the invention of paper is no later than the early Western Han Dynasty. The earliest discovery of the Western Han ancient paper was found in 1933 in Xinjiang ancient Lopnor Beacon Towers, no later than the year 49 BC. May, 1958 in Xian, Shanxi Province unearthed from the ancient Baqiao paper identified through scientific analysis of the Western Han Ma paper, Age no later than 118 years before Christ. In 1973, at the port of Gansu Ju Yan Jian Shui, people discovered two sheets of Ma paper no later than the 52 BC; The two sheets of Ma paper come out of ground in 1973 in Gansu with dark brown, rough texture. 1978 in Fufeng Village Shangxi Province, three sheets of Ma Paper were unearthed in the village extension of Emperor Xihan's reign period of the Western Han Dynasty (73-49 BC); 1979 in Dunhuang, Gansu counties in Majuan Bay Beacon Towers Western Han Dynasty unearthed in the ruins five eight Western Han Ma paper. 1986, Tianshui, Gansu unearthed in the Western Han Dynasty Emperor period (BC 179 ~ 141 years ago) paper maps , which were shown at the time of writing paper for painting purposes. From the Western Han Dynasty unearthed in the quality of paper, the Western Han Dynasty papermaking technology has matured. Han on the history of papermaking technical literature rarely, it is difficult to understand the complete, detailed process. Although descendants speculates that it will serve as a reference. Papermaking has many technical aspects, it is bound to the development and evolution of a process, not a reactive person. It is the working people long-term accumulation of experience and wisdom of the crystallization. Xue Tao talented woman –The everlasting inventor of paper.

Shanghai Flowers Expo has a scene named Xue Tao Well, which recorded that talented woman Xue Tao and some poets are drinking and making poems. Visitors may know little about Xue Tao, but for the paper workers or painters in domestic, may be familiar. More than 1,000 years ago, Xue Tao can not only make poems but also was good at calligraphy. Described her as per today's standard, she had high cultural quality. She was dealing with paper and ink every day, and was very serious with the quality of the paper. Since the paper in Sichuan Province at that time was tough and the color was plain. Thus, Xue Tao considered creating its own fine paper types to meet her requirements.

Handmade Paper required very complex process, such as good papermaking raw materials and good water. Fortunately, the Chengdu region was abounds in bamboo, linen, Hibiscus mutabilis, and other raw materials as well as the excellent quality of Huanhua Brook. The water of the stream was full of low iron content and few suspensions, the hardness was not high as well, the paper made from it was white and smooth. The Xue Tao Marker invented by Xue Tao left a valuable heritage to our Chinese nation.

Categories of Paper

Paper is one of the four great inventions in ancient times, is used to writing, printing, painting or packaging of the disk fiber products, After general from the pulping plant fibers in aqueous suspension, staggered online component, the initial dehydration, and then exploited, from drying.

The type of Paper

A wide variety of paper, according to China's Ministry of light industry uses various permits, divides into 17 categories, which include 11 kinds of paper sheet and 6 kinds of paperboard. Paper: printing paper, writing paper, drawing paper, plotting paper, electric insulating paper, cigarette paper, blotting paper, on paper, thermal paper, transfer paper(base paper), industrial paper, packing paper.

1. Cardboard: cardboard binding, the system cardboard boxes, Insulating cardboard, industrial cardboard, construction of cardboard, cardboard shoes.
2. Inkjet photo paper: Used in some super place, like Advertisement company and movie house. usually used to printing photo through high-class HP, CANON inkjet printer.
3. Printing Paper: The use of paper and printing, yet with different properties and characteristics of paper, such as newsprint, relief printing paper, offset printing paper, offset printing paper coatings, dictionary paper, map paper, chart paper, gravure paper, weekly newspapers, painting newspapers, duplex board, writing paper, and so on.
4. Newsprint Paper: Newsprint mainly for the printing of newspapers and publications Printmaking, soft paper, the rich better elastic-plastic, ink absorption properties of a strong, Ink can be faster fixation on paper, paper by the pressure-ray machines have pressure, double-smoothing, not bristle, printing on both sides is really quite clear, a certain mechanical strength and can be rotated for high-speed printing, opacity good. As the raw materials they use mainly by mechanical pulp, contains essential elements and impurities, the paper should not keep for long, Yellow paper easily become more brittle and paper-absorbent, anti-poor water, paper easily damaged.
5. Relief Printing Paper: Toppan Printing Paper mainly for Toppan Printing Press printing works, classics, general books, textbooks, magazines used. Newsprint and its characteristics similar to quality than newsprint, paper, the smoothness, water resistance, whiteness better than newsprint, Asorption ability is not as newsprint, ink absorption uniform.
6. Offset Printing Paper: Mainly for the color magazine printed in lithography, photo albums, posters, color marks and some senior publications. Offset Paper has one-sided and double-sided. The single-sided offset paper is commonly used for color posters, cigarette packs, trademark. Double-sided Offset paper is used for the printing of photographs, illustrations, maps. Offset Paper should be scalability small, water-resistance and prevent multicolor paper overlay that may cause deformation. The overlay is inaccurate and should not scratch, not out of powder; texture should closely prevent multiple printing ink in the role of adhesion tension that may cause scratch, from powder, so imprinted with leukoplakia, affecting the quality of printed materials; suction ink not too high, it can block the ink linking material infiltration make ink on paper drying coating formed to ensure that Indian goods in the sunlight; smooth surface, it guarantees blot, no sand paper and other debris to prevent Blanket printed version and damage.
7. Paper coating: Also called offset printing paper. Paper is the coating on a piece of paper, coated inorganic coatings, and then super-pressure and made the paper a smooth surface, high brightness. Offset printing specifically for monochrome or multicolor art photographs, illustrations, magazine, book, trademarks, product samples, such as using the Almanac. Coated Paper has a higher degree of smoothness, printing will be fine when the smooth outlets, can be used to reproduce the original level and quality of confusion, not from paper and layered powder. Paper asorption is general, not too fast. Asorption excessive leads to blot Matte, it will result in serious blot powder.
8. Dictionary paper: Mainly for Relief Printing dictionary, Pocketbook, tools, information technology, senior publications, quantitative light, 25 ~ 40gsm (four kinds). Dictionary paper is thin and light, requiring opaque good (Prevention through India), fibrous tissue uniform, paper formation, thick consistency. Dictionary paper is soft, paper curled edge easily.
9. Map Paper, Chart Paper: Applicable to offset multicolor topographic maps, maps and atlases, divided into special and the 1st. Special is for the printing of maps and the 1st is for the printing of maps and atlases. Chart paper is applicable to offset multicolor charts of paper. Map paper and chart paper is white, dust small, particularly, length of the black dust can not be beyond 1 mm (to avoid confusion with the map symbol). Two sides smooth, close tenacious organization, Scalability small, flexible, able to print sophisticated graphics, folding ability is much higher than offset paper. Requirement of he breaking length of chart paper is also very high.
10. Gravure Paper: Mainly used for monochrome and color printed magazine, art photographs, illustrations, and so on. Gravure paper demands strong white paper quality, it has good smoothness and is water-resistant. When printing, obviously swap powder and raising phenomenon are not allowed. The original printed paper include printing bank notes, stamps, and other high quality hard copies of printed papers, is divided into currency paper, stamp paper and so on.
11. Duplex Board: For printing various commodity packaging and cartons of decorating commodities as well as printing of various educational pictures. The fibrous tissue of duplex board is even, surface is with plastic filler material composition, and coated with a layer of paint, more-calender. The texture of cardboard is close; paper are generally more white and smooth, with more uniform ink absorption. The phenomenon of powder falling from the surface is sufficiently small, better paper folding.
12. Synthetic Paper: Mainly for the printing of senior fine arts, maps and dictionaries. Synthetic Paper is composed of chemical synthesic, general stores hydrocarbon as the main raw material, then made some additives. Its texture is soft, strong, good water resistant, cold and heat resistant, lightfastness, moldy, stable characteristics, and the chemical corrosion-resistant. Within the temperature range -60 ~ 60°C, can be used as a variety of printing paper. Synthetic Paper applies not only to print, but also because of its non-toxic, non-polluting, breathable, and is therefore an ideal packaging material. Clean up dust, lint paper powder, it is an ideal information industry paper and is replacing ordinary paper of ultra-clean indoor office paper and computer paper.

Now paper development to high-class RC inkjet photo paper(Maybe some body interesting in Manufacturing Process of RC Photo Paper), High Glossy Waterproof Inkjet Photo Paper, Sticker Inkjet Photo Paper, Double-Sided Matte Inkjet Photo Paper, Advertisement Double-Sided Inkjet Photo Paper, Artistic Double-Sided Matte Inkjet Photo Paper, Art paper, carton paper and some extend products like Plotting Inkjet Photo Paper, Sticky Luminous Printing Photo Paper, Luminous Film, Multi-Functional Protective Film(film introduce surpassing the traditional printing material, it let the film more environmental safer and better in oxidation resistance ability), inkjet fabric like: Matt Poly Blend Canvas, Glossy linen Canvas, Matt Fireproof Canvas, Window Fabric, Silk Fabric(flash), Glossy Poly Blend Canvas, Eco-solvent glossy poly blend canvas, Eco-solvent window fabric, Transparent Film, Sticker Transparent, Glossy golden & silver, Matt golden & silver film, Sand golden & silver, Stretch golden & silver film(PET) and etc..

Specialty Paper types:

1. Copy paper: 17g is used for VAT bill, gift packing, generally is pure white.
2. Typing paper: 28g is used for forms. Has seven colors: white, red, yellow, green, blue, light green, purple.
3. Bright paper: 35-40g is one side bright. Used for forms, memo, is a kind of low-grade printing paper.
4. Writing Paper: 50-100g are low-grade printing, produced mainly in domestic of china.
5. Offset paper: 60-180g are medium-grade, produced in domestic, joint ventures and imports.
6. Newsprint paper: 55-60g cylinder paper, newspapers selection.
7. Carbonless paper: 40-150g has the function of direct copy. Is divided into CB, CFB and CF, which can not be exchanged or reused. The price of each is different and has seven colors, mainly used for forms.
8. Coated Paper:
9. Double-sided coating 80-400g: Used for high-grade printed materials.
10. Single-sided coating: Used for high-grade printing of the box, carton, handbag and medicine box, etc.
11. Asian powder paper: 105 - 400g, used for high-grade and elegant color painting.
12. Duplex board with gray back: 200g, double-sided white, used for middle-grade packaging.
13. Ivory board: 200g, double-sided white, middle grade packaging.
14. Kraft paper: 60 - 200g, used for the packaging, carton, paper bag, portfolio and envelopes.
15. Specialty Paper: Commonly is imported paper, mainly used for printing of cover, ornamentation, handicrafts and other fine arts.
16. Greeting card photo paper: Weight over 200g double side inkjet photo paper.
17. Inkjet photo paper: used in inkjet printer like HP and CANON, have good display effect.